Few gardening skills have a longer written record than joining one plant onto another. The Greek philosopher Theophrastus described it in the fourth century BC, and Roman farm writers such as Cato and Columella gave instructions for cleft grafting and for sealing the union with clay. Their basic rules, a clean cut and close contact between the living layers, still hold.
The tool evolved with the trade. As commercial nurseries grew in Europe and North America in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, budding and grafting became daily work, and the folding grafting knife became a standard part of the nurseryman's kit. In Pakistan, the same skills keep Punjab's orchards productive: kinnow mandarins are budded onto rough lemon rootstock, and mango varieties are propagated by grafting. A full-size knife with a straight 8.5 cm blade belongs to that working tradition.